Hi Extra one. Here's some of the basics(to the best of my knowledge).
Considering I only play a maximum of 10folds(6 folds + stack)
I'm not sure the actual value of some of the divine sets*.
Anyone can tell me what kind of mahjong style Singaporeans play? I think it's HongKong Mahjong.
Basically in mahjong, you need a winning set and a pair of the same card(also known as your 'eyes').
Chinese Characters Include - Hong Zhong(Red Dragon), Bai Ban(White dragon), Qing Fa(Green Dragon) and the four directional winds.
Chi is a set of running numbers - e.g. 3 4 5 bamboo, or 9 8 7 circles.
Pong is a set of 3 similar cards - e.g. 3 3 3 bamboo or 9 9 9 circles
Kang is a set of 4 similar cards which you gather from another player be it a pong then touching the 4th piece or having 3 pieces and to kang the 4th piece - Usually demands payment - e.g. 8 8 8 8 circles
An4 Kang4 is a set of 4 similar cards all of which you draw yourself - Usually demands double payment of which you pay for a kang
BAO1 - The situation where the underlying rule for revealed cards demand the situation that if you throw certain winning cards, you pay for all the losses. May happen in the situation of:
1Folds
2Folds
Dui4 Dui4 Hu4(AKA Pong Pong Hu) - Where you win with all Pongs
Ban4 Se4(AKA Half Colour) - Having a combination of chinese characters and only one other set of cards(Be it bamboo, circles or ten-thousands)
3Folds
Xiao3 San4 Yuan3(Small 3 Scholars) - Pong of 2 out of 3 sets of the Dragon Family(Fa Cai, Bai Ban, Hong Zhong) and use one as eyes
4Folds
Yi1 Se4(AKA One colour) - Havin only one set of characters(Bamboo,circles or ten-thousands)
Ping1 Hu4(Same as Chou Ping Hu) - But you do not have any flowers/animals.
Xiao3 Si4 Xi4 - Pong 3 of the directional winds and one to be used as a pair of eyes
Divine Sets (These sets demand equal payment from all players)
Kam4 Kam4 Hu4(AKA Si4 An4 Ke4; Four Assasins) - A combination of Men Qing + Pong Pong Hu
Da4 Si4 Xi3(Four Happiness) - Pong out the 4 directional winds
Da4 San3 Yuan3(The 3 Scholars) - Pong of the Dragon Family
Si2 San3 Yao4(13 Wonders) - Having a set of:
1bamboo,9bamboo,1ten-thousand,9ten-thousand,1circle,9circle,hong zhong, bai ban, fa cai, dong, nan, xi, bei and one more of any card(as eyes)
Qi2 Qiang4 Ba4(7 Snatches the 8th) - Having 7 flowers in your set and when any player draws the eighth(You must have 7 already) you win.
Yi Tiao Long - One Colour Ping Hu(Which means no flowers) with sequences of 123,456,789.
Zi4 Yi1 Se4 - Winning with ALL chinese characters only(pong pong hu)
Animals and flowers
Each animal gives you one fold and having a set of 4 gives you 4 + 1 = 5.
Only your flower(Banker is one, in a anti-clockwise direction it goes up. Thus if you're opposite the banker you are 3) gives you a fold.
Having a set of similar coloured flowers give you 1+1 fold = 2.
That's all I remember for now, do tell me if I'm missing out anything
P.S. This guideline is the set of rules when I play Mahjong, it is not a set rule but it is commonplace. The rules are adjustable.