Sleep Changes in Older Adults
How much sleep do older adults need?
Most
adults need 7 or 8 hours of sleep each night to feel fully alert during
the day. This is usually also true for people age 65 or older. But as
we get older, we might have more trouble sleeping. Many things can get
in the way of sleeping well or sleeping long enough to be fully rested.
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What sleep changes are common in older adults?
Older
adults might get sleepy earlier in the evening. Older adults may have
trouble falling asleep when they go to bed at night or they might not
stay asleep all night (called insomnia). They might wake up very early
in the morning and not be able to go back to sleep.
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What causes sleep problems?
A
number of things can cause sleep problems. By the time an adult is over
65 years old, his or her sleep-wake cycle may not seem to work as well
as it did when he or she was younger. As we age, our body makes less of
the chemicals and hormones that help us sleep well (growth hormone and
melatonin). Some lifestyle habits (such as smoking and drinking alcohol
or caffeinated drinks) can cause sleep problems. Sleep problems may be
caused by illness, by pain that keeps a person from sleeping or by
medicines that keep a person awake. However, people of all ages can
have a sleep disorder such as
sleep apnea. Restless legs syndrome or periodic limb movement disorder are also conditions that can cause problems with sleep.
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What is sleep apnea?
Sleep
apnea is a disorder in which a person stops breathing repeatedly while
asleep. People who have sleep apnea usually snore very loudly. They
stop breathing for 10 to 30 seconds during sleep and then start
breathing again with a gasp. This can happen hundreds of times in a
night. Every time this happens it causes the person to wake up a little
bit, which disrupts sleeping patterns and makes it hard for the person
to get a good night's rest. It can also cause high blood pressure and
increase the risk of heart attack.
If you have sleep apnea and are overweight, it might help to
lose weight. If you smoke, you should
quit.
It will also help to sleep on your side, stop drinking alcohol or using
sleep medicines. Many people who have sleep apnea need to wear a nasal
mask during the night to keep their airways open. The mask treatment is
called “continuous positive airway pressure,” or CPAP. It helps you
breathe normally during sleep. Surgery is an option for people who have
severe cases of sleep apnea.
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What is restless legs syndrome (RLS)?
RLS is a condition in which your legs feel very uncomfortable when you are
sitting or lying down. RLS can make it hard for you to sleep.
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What is periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)?
PLMD
is a condition in which a person kicks one or both legs many times
during sleep. Often the person doesn’t even know about the kicking
unless a bed partner talks about it. It prevents good sleep and causes
daytime sleepiness. Some people who have restless legs syndrome also
have periodic limb movements during sleep. Medicine may help both of
these problems.
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What can I do to sleep better?
- Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on the weekends.
- Do not take naps longer than about 20 minutes.
- Don't read, snack or watch TV in bed. Use your bedroom for sleep and other rooms for other activities
- Avoid caffeine about 8 hours before bedtime.
- Avoid
nicotine and alcohol in the evening. Alcohol might help you fall asleep
initially, but it will probably make you wake up in the middle of the
night.
- Don’t lie in bed for a long time trying to go to
sleep. After 30 minutes of trying to sleep, get up and do something
quiet for a while in a different room, such as reading or listening to
quiet music. Then try again to fall asleep in bed.
- Ask
your doctor if any of your medicines could be keeping you awake at
night. Medicines that can disrupt sleep include antidepressants,
beta-blockers and cardiovascular drugs.
- Ask your doctor for help if pain or other health problems keep you awake.
- Try to exercise a little every day. Exercise helps many older adults sleep better
taken from http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/seniors/common-older/386.html